Penises are born ready, and it is for babies to exit the womb with an erection. Even before the moment of birth, ultrasound scans sometimes show a fetus with a fully formed erection.
According to a , fetal erections most commonly occur during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. And they can happen a each hour. No one is quite sure why, but it might be the body’s way of testing things out and keeping them running correctly.
A lot of people might take solace in this fact: Penises are longer than they look. In fact, around half of the entire length is housed inside the body.
Although an older study, published in , found that penile length was related to both height and foot length, it was a weak relationship, and the authors concluded, “Height and foot size would not serve as practical estimators of penis length.”
A 2006 study published in the looked at other correlations. The researchers concluded that “Penile dimensions are significantly correlated with age, height, and index finger length,” but not foot size.
Most people with penises have 3–5 erections every night, mostly during sleep. This is also called “nocturnal penile tumescence,” and it’s still not clear why it happens.
One theory is that it might help prevent bed wetting: An erection inhibits urination.
A full bladder is known to stimulate nerves in a similar region to those involved in erections. However, because people with vaginas experience something similar — nocturnal clitoral tumescence — bed wetting prevention is probably not the entire answer.
Another potential explanation is that REM sleep is linked with switching off cells that produce noradrenaline in the locus coeruleus, which is in the brainstem. These cells of the penis. So, by reducing the inhibition, the penis becomes erect.
Whatever the reason behind nocturnal erections, they can be useful as a diagnostic tool. If it is difficult to have or maintain an erection while awake, but not during sleep, this can point to an underlying psychological cause, rather than a physical one.
So, we’ve established that erections can occur in the womb and during sleep, but what is perhaps even more surprising is: the death erection. Also called “angel lust” or a terminal erection, it happens in the moments after death.
However, it has also been reported following death by a gunshot wound to the head, damage to major blood vessels, and poisoning.
Another is that the erection is caused by “the brutal destruction of the cervical spinal cord.”
There is no bone in the penis, which is fairly unusual for mammals. However, it is still possible to break the penis. This occurs during vigorous sex, although doctors have also documented it in people who have fallen out of bed with an erection.
Penile fracture, as it is known, is actually the rupture of the fibrous covering of the corpora cavernosa, which is the tissue that becomes erect when engorged with blood.
The moment of fracture is accompanied by a popping or cracking sound, intense pain, swelling, and — unsurprisingly — flaccidity.
Thankfully, it doesn’t happen very often, and if it is treated swiftly, this can restore full function. As a note of caution, if this happens to you, do not let embarrassment get the better of you. See a doctor as soon as possible.
7. No-brainer
Most people with penises have very little control over exactly when they ejaculate. This is partly because it does not involve the brain. The signal to ejaculate comes from the spinal ejaculation Source. This region in the spinal cord coordinates the necessary functions.
Of course, the brain does have some input into these matters — thinking about something else is a well-known way to , for instance — but the nuts and bolts of the whole operation are dealt with in the spine.
A penile erection can point in virtually any direction. Straight ahead, left or right, up or down, there’s no right or wrong.
The following data come from that measured 1,484 erections.
In the figures below, if the penis pointed directly up, the measurement was 0 degrees, and if it was forward-pointing (horizontal), the measurement was 90 degrees:
- 0–30 degrees: 4.9% of participants
- 30–60 degrees: 29.6% of participants
- 60–85 degrees: 30.9% of participants
- 85–95 degrees: 9.9% of participants
- 95–120 degrees: 19.8% of participants
- 120–180 degrees 4.9% of participants
So, for anyone concerned that their chap is a bit skewed, do not worry — you are normal.
While
we are on the topic of “normality,” very few penises are straight; they
can curve in any direction. A curve of up to 30 degrees is still
considered healthy.
A study that included 274 participants demonstrated that there is no correlation between the length of a flaccid penis and its erect size. Some start small and end up large (a grower), while some are large when flaccid and only grow a little when erect (a show-er).
Some are small regardless of arousal, and some are large when flaccid and get much larger. It’s a mixed bag.
This may not hold much relevance outside of the locker room, but it’s good to know anyway.
They don’t, really. However, Dr. John Harvey Kellogg, the breakfast cereal mastermind, hoped that . He invented cornflakes and other products because he thought that plain foods would lead Americans away from the “sin” of .
Age limit for pennis growth
Most penis growth occurs during puberty, though there may be continued growth into a man’s . Puberty usually begins between the ages of 9 and 14 and lasts up to five years or so, depending on the age at which it starts. However, by the time you reach 18 or 19 years old, your penis isn’t likely to grow much longer or thicker.
The growth rate during puberty varies from one male to another. A 2010 study found that the average rate of penis growth is less than half an inch per year from ages 11 to 15, after which the growth rate continues, but at a slower rate until the age of 19 or so.
You also start producing semen during puberty. Erections and ejaculation become more common during this time, as well.
Penis size is determined by hormone exposure and varies greatly from one individual to the next. The average length of a flaccid penis is between 3.4 and 3.7 inches, while the average length of an erect penis is between 5.1 and 5.7 inches. The average circumference of an erect penis is between 3.5 and 3.9 inches. Learn more .
There is a lucrative market for pills, lotions, and devices that claim to increase . However, there is no scientific evidence that any of these products do what they claim.
Can you increase size with surgery?
There is a surgical procedure, known as penoplasty, that can add some length to a flaccid penis, but it doesn’t affect the length of an erect penis. It involves cutting a ligament that attaches the penis to the pubic bone. This procedure can cause your erection to not point as high as it did before the procedure.
Can a vacuum pump increase penis size?
can help some men with erectile dysfunction achieve erections, but the vacuums don’t increase penis length or thickness.
Do testosterone supplements increase size?
You may wonder if testosterone supplements might help spur penis growth. There are plenty of companies making that claim, but there’s no scientific research to support it.
A 2006 study published in the journal Psychology of Men & Masculinity found that men are much more concerned about their penis size than their partners are. While many men wonder if they’re big enough, 85 percent of women in the study said they were satisfied with their partner’s penis size. Only 14 percent wanted their partner to have a larger penis.
In most cases, penis size doesn’t affect your ability to engage in sexual activities. It’s also not a sign of your masculinity or testosterone levels.
Micropenis is a condition in which a baby boy’s penis is below the normal size range for an infant of the same age. Average length for a newborn boy’s penis is between 1.1 and 1.6 inches, and the average circumference is between 0.35 and 0.5 inches. The measurement is taken by carefully stretching the penis.
Micropenis may be a symptom of hormone disorders that affect development of a boy’s sexual organs. These disorders may also affect the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus. Usually a physical examination is all that’s needed to diagnose micropenis. Hormone therapy may be helpful for some children with this condition.
If you’re concerned about your penis size or you have other questions about your penis, testicles, and sexual health, see a urologist. You may want to start with your primary care physician, but a urologist may be more helpful in:
diagnosing problems
reassuring you about what’s “normal”
giving you treatment options
answering other questions
And if you do have questions or concerns, you’re not alone. Research shows that only 55 percent of men are satisfied with their penis size.
If you’re a parent and you suspect your baby has micropenis or any other abnormality regarding his genitalia or development, talk with a pediatrician. You may need to see a urologist who treats children.
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